Satellite observations have found the gathering location of emperor penguins in Antarctica. The place was identified after satellites saw traces of guano or penguin droppings on the ice sheet.
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) uses the European Union's Sentinel-2 spacecraft to explore the edge of the Antarctic continent. It was there that he saw emperor penguin activity that had never been detected before.
They are all in colonies some distance away. The emperor penguin groups seemed to want to keep a distance — at least 100 kilometers — from each other.
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Reporting from the BBC, satellite infrared imagery revealed eight new breeding sites and confirmed the existence of three other sites that had previously been disputed.
This discovery increased the number of breeding sites from 50 to 61. Also increasing the emperor penguin population figure by 5-10%, an estimated 278,500 pairs are ready to breed.
It's impossible to count individual penguins from orbit, but the BAS researchers were able to estimate colony numbers from the size of their dung.
"This is good news because there are more penguins than we thought," said Dr. Peter Fretwell, BAS remote sensing specialist.
Even so, the life cycle of the emperor penguins is centered on the availability of sea ice. If that decreases in the next few decades — as projected by climate models — then the number of these animals could drop dramatically.
“This story comes with concern because the newly discovered location does not have stable sea ice. They are all even prone to losing the ice, "added Fretwell.
The success of the emperor penguin in breeding depends on the presence of so-called "fast ice". It is sea ice that attaches to continents or icebergs. It is flat and low, the ideal surface for laying eggs, incubating them, then caring for them in the first year of life.
However, this sea ice needs to be long-lived, at least remaining intact for eight or nine months. If it forms too late or breaks faster, young penguins will be forced into the sea before they are ready and grow their waterproof fur.
They risk drowning if the ice melts while they don't have the proper hair to swim in. Unlike adult penguins, these chicks molt in the summer months (January and February).
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In recent decades, Antarctic sea ice has been fairly stable. However, climate modeling by researchers saw a significant loss of ice in this century.
This gruesome prediction led researchers to increase the status of the emperor penguin. Currently, they are classified as "near threatened" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
A proposal has been submitted to the IUCN asking them to place the emperor penguin into a more important status, the "vulnerable" category.
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