If you run into Homo erectus on the street, you may see it as something less different than yourself. You will still see a "human" standing, probably similar in size and in shape to yours.
But their faces will be flatter, with more prominent eyebrows. And talking with them will be difficult - their language skills are poor (although they can make stone tools or light fires).
Of course this is entirely a hypothesis, because Homo erectus is now extinct. These enigmatic human ancestors may have evolved in Africa more than 2 million years ago, although the exact time of their extinction is unclear.
Homo erectus made a lot of headlines in 2018 thanks to discoveries in the Philippines and China, which have transformed our understanding of this nearby member of our family.
So who exactly is Homo erectus? And can 2019 be the year we learn more about our mysterious ancestors?
Where and when do they live?
Homo erectus was first discovered on the island of Java, Indonesia and later in China - both the well-known "Java Man" and "Peking Man" fossils. The discovery of Eugène Dubois in 1891 in Java (which was originally named Pithecanthropus erectus) is an important piece of evidence in supporting Darwin's idea of human evolution.
A recent discovery of rock artefacts in China's Loess Plateau suggests that a hominini, possibly Homo erectus, lived in the region 2.1 million years ago. This proves again their presence in Asia at least 400,000 years ago.
Other ancient Homo erectus sites exist in the Caucasus region in Georgia (1.8 million years ago), in Java and also in Africa.
It is thought that most of Homo erectus became extinct after the appearance of modern humans - but some discoveries from Java date (with some controversy) as far back as 40,000 years. If this calendar is correct, it shows that they lived alongside Homo sapiens, even though it might only be in a very limited area in Indonesia.
The exploration of Homo erectus around the world was the first time a hominine species had left the African continent, and it was 2 million years before modern humans finally imitated this great exploration. They may have been motivated to spread so rapidly because of the expansion of grasslands in the span of this period, caused by climate change. This creates more habitat for plant-eating animals and hence increases the number of prey available.
What do they look like?
Homo erectus was our first ancestor who physically resembled modern humans. They were taller and their brains were bigger than previous hominini species such as Australopithecus sp. or Homo habilis.
They have faces that are slightly different from ours: their faces are flat with raised eyebrows.
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