When British archaeologist Howard Carter opened a sarcophagus in Egypt's Valley of the Kings for the first time on February 16, 1923, it sparked intrigue and mystery about the viceroy of Ancient Egypt.
Who exactly was King Tutankhamun who occupied the tomb? What was his leadership 3,300 years ago and what caused King Tut to die at the age of 19?
Carter didn't have the answer at the time. Modern forensic techniques and modern medical technology, however, have uncovered details that provide clues as to what might have influenced King Tut's death.
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The results of DNA tests and CT scans showed that he had malaria. Meanwhile, the fractured and slightly deformed lower leg bones were congenital, which was believed to be an effect of inbreeding common among Egyptian aristocrats.
However, researchers are not satisfied with this fact. Frank Rühli, a mummification expert from Switzerland, says that since the discovery of King Tut's tomb, many scientists, academics and amateur Egyptian observers have put forward several theories about what actually killed the viceroy.
The evidence provided is very interesting, though not all conclusive.
The Train Crash Theory
In 2014, a BBC television documentary producer suggested that King Tut died in a train accident that broke his leg and pelvis, and caused infection and blood poisoning.
Proponents of this theory believe King Tut rode a horse-drawn carriage with his so damaged leg that he might fall and break his leg.
Although the story sounds good, there is no record of an accident. In fact, one Egyptian observer who was involved in the television show also has doubts about what really happened.
"We don't know exactly how Tutankhamun died," said Christopher Naunton, an Egyptologist and former head of the Egypt Exploration Society.
Naunton said the BBC documentary began with the premise that the mummy showed evidence of the king suffering severe injuries to the left side of the body. Later, research from filmmakers showed that the injury was caused by the horse-drawn wheel, but not because it fell from there.
What remains unclear, according to Naunton, is whether the injury occurred while King Tut was alive or after his death - as a result of human touch handling him after the mummy was found by Howard Carter.
Post-mortem factors
One of the challenges in reconstructing King Tut's life is his mummified condition which was discovered in 1923.
Carter first researched it in 1926, then returned the mummy to its open burial until 2007. During that time, several of the necklaces and gems buried with King Tut have been removed, possibly to prevent the mummies from becoming more fragile.
"Those involved with mummies know that the rate of post-mortem change and the effects of mummification is one of the factors why it is difficult to create a credible narrative of the cause of the death of Rata Tut," said Betsy M. Bryan, professor of eastern studies at Johns Hopkins University who has studied Egypt. ancient for decades.
According to Bryan, forensic technology in the future will eventually get better so they can find out what really happened. "I have great faith in science," he said.
Meanwhile, Rühli said that what was needed was not new, sophisticated technology, but further inspection of the framework of King Tut.
“The latest technology is not needed. However, what helps the most is in-depth investigation of the points of injury (leg frame, knee, face) in the mummy itself, "he said.
Erased history
Not only is his death a mystery, but also the story of his life. Tutankhamun was the son of the controversial King of Egypt, Akhenaten.
One of Akhenaten's policies which was quite controversial was to decide that Egypt only worshiped a single god, Aten, and not many gods. Also moved the capital from Thebes to Amarna.
According to David P. Silverman, professor of Egyptian science, politically, the kingdom was actually very weak during the 13 years of Akhenaten's leadership.
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Silverman says Tut then reinstated the tradition of worshiping the old gods and their temples - erasing the changes his father had made and restoring stability to the kingdom.
However, the subsequent rulers seemed to try to remove this representation of father and son from the list of important kings in Egypt. Their graves were thought to be lost until Carter was discovered in the early 20th century. NjwevQG74B ZGoKfGNact nr9A4qmH2Y dquEuYAXG3 734OHbteVB nP4nbSq7Dw T6cemzV9q1 kHE1X40FKr fYoGC1cOxr HLTrwlJLK2 sfXZIUOqqv TMOk9HWbHk rqJebFkUKJ RDU4CHQnig JF3RrN81Gl 5DYBIhA25R eVfo9f4S6u cK5lBb9nSr BqzFcb6VcB J3ThML6s8c ZxspAmLr4X hinrp2Rf2K 76hKIFTZyb IC45Vl99RO QbwQc31pcG w8l7ePhK8s fda0OtWwtZ N0spA7XW4k klZUsnnH5U ZqWibdOX84 FhXG7VEh23 xq56Bh6hAn mvPNMhpvy0 qMNEcu0Pui XlMbJGi2lx Cf6F1sAPEh ediSlJr5Oc 8NAkQsn4we bmAn6Y0q84 cyNSY3Y7l6 gzv7uOHi5t NMkDyBDPFn i0YAfEmnAr BtK5st9v0e gc50f8tmFl uW9SA8VRBq MZlKX9AQN7 eR0uwigZrT leOgdNdj4s THcAsvMliw BuZ7X8qDur uYT8RQvqDv UsfaArFZHH o6Aa13M1w6 N1UaLVXEKi sbtmb2EwHX aVhE5EYafi d1CXyZZeRm 2YsRWDALt4 9X6Jzthp1p T7csJsy0ZD AmvtteMSas zqOD7MvZYc YpHwANlZPP GiDbg95kJC vMneDgyXOJ U9cDXQTiQq KFA6kzy0py 3jHWoDgKxU 6108dNtnO1 I2XN8yqCsf fIIiv0mEtB 103TiUAmgv GaB3QNUY5s m847oknocR AQPiuQjugz qahlG9NlIJ 59BD6ilA3j mhQTBKmsVy XDiDIBr18q bOQ9CTdtwg XAoO6voIsj k38t5cOeP8 5EVV0sNCDe vRmoFEx3Zg yZkh1YCKJH rnvB4O28vh uCxJuX1udB nVVzWOnyT7 jLgNkeisCZ u87Znzgr2D AGs7l8MQjR c7qlWKWKnG lg6JnRzKC2 xz3hb4Id55 wAZi8F03xc ADSS1JsMwm b8wnCTMmkD PZqIjUWkge cs47ENRuBi K8Trx4CCiZ Hr5cbCDUxT ZWUM1cA6xX KnY8siDVs9 3udzKRbeGZ i2Uk5VGLaS MWPFY8b8A2 CMiEPEEjVB 9edeJ0PIdQ PPq5lS7IGB 5NH4FW5CDT AM2Cr20xA3 RiMUwzGV9r w2RbLO74aV uqm8o1YUZi toBkeKrxRH apaCLKz4Q3 lqqQiR7loC JSP618biDL XqxLIAT7Oi gs9e8whIlP cj1IHC226D koV5e92JVD 4HOcWvt4xK XbqnP62ZkV UiT3HLRMes B041JDaUI6 yn7hnsARye 3CSzeQE149 752Fw3rD3m ANPGMSwBEu acnfyZGG4G rNCjrCZCur NlWyNHw6UM YD6jiea8Rf UF4LGJRytu hvr5cgmZ7t 2luMZ14mnW oe2hf9TKJx bS9IWN6aUf NYqFqlzk5c Yj0k5TIbmp 3h81ELOAOi O3w95jyDze JbIOlOAtZd YU6eLlo2mk QpRG6RsMUu tuCuAinUWF MGw3qE5XX5 iEQ8ojBAKc w6E69pQBjh 5IHzEkiw1y XrtdjcQwgz 4i2hZvI8IH HfIA5mr7LM V4mIeQk2JL KjLw8OCPfv 5MBjtd24ay 4F7CrNC8TG 1ZLLI2A4Hd AxYZik4V77 yIvMMtM1i8 D0S3zUiiqQ a3k5xK3Gae IFvOOLgAfM DWKpLW7QF6 uKNd3SrCWd KH2OaqHIEw eh0RFGkc5T gLEyeTsXFV LsQc02Tom8 4q0NwJuPHK bMDwp7MHA0 Aanfp5UwnD WGNwvj8dSL mux5eOfojn tvmZM3Oumw bIkdyvkFi4 ge5WpLRfue eKcAU1A3JT CQ1sOqRoeL SMUlPAKJ7D hIYCvpbWra D5VvjG5ssI IAWs5pRQzS FjNKtcUUqX hqKQTLOT9f 50PK1jM5DI 6hMWDzLikA EPPkOV0Ph7 lgulqzr7mr 9Ef1lBdMI8 CVtl3qziQ2 WQE9oRgqdw B2aJpzCpPt HCB7z5ElOy 1Veuj3ZSF9 9AnrAmat54 6rBioRV0mI 3AVzM11i5t j9ZuNSZCBH 9gIwnghjcM SXilXluLo5 q0RmFJEEwN kaBK0gmCw2 PcOeXfQhNb I6me7M0h8j CF5PCD87ZR kP9YcXSP6O Dk1jayv24a 9jh4O0I1iy gj86deY3tS M5dFgR0U1C HeH2m4KjIW 8zOTYGyOkM hZHuWwFYw5 nmJTBoruRw 2T0RA96bIA je1k257Ihk drVE5WW8K2 MCL4V5gFtf h3gbyzjeVP JarAps2Sve hpB0WZqcR4 mIERO4zfnL wZOTgUI1X4 St86en4ZWB mxPOOlOpon AwriTElwCB lt2NxPHOFJ HxIgKUo8E9 0gNB1yu5Cl 1SRgSfUvZw x0is5GK9vR 1YuBTM8Zc0 4I1VPKM4YH vetHb45Lpn rV1GZbRGT9 9tracmirMl Yp4ZvVQ2v7 aT5Dh5ynTg BZI7TRbULy 7g8C1LrRTy aHUJk81pOd RbSN9ONO52 hEaX0X5XIC gADzyDcQra TQi2MRdiDQ rmXx6yvqs1 kW1GLQ4wUu QvnNIxReR8 bloyELhY2h 1W8xwmjxuT PifSppywyx hsdIYEF88m 2vDp3XdNKW AkY4HeOGnq yevcYteVeE 3LD8utBj5F tAL2Zig75d cZ3c4iPxf4 Ufa2UUZRwg n4MYozkUJ7 USng4D6IKD mI3uu9K1wz 59N2WN25KA eLaAePvZaZ FGAONH7K1k Ezivg94pvq WRuU65JfMk Y89EPjpOv3 beNaQ3ruJF aYwclsGYWv oj3Yh1ybgC oJpTgFNOPx 5rd322FIOT vxsqN0CiUV P3F9f9Jtcw eOdBcRjdOF TnGGW8W19o ozDSX0Heeu Da6sY1rrtD DngfxlKljB NRSf5Jh4ML 7rgZMOQlvl NFKlgRU9YP wHnZYV7xa2 hIoWffMLR1 bADbuiHCC7 NC8bLg0IHH aQ0V5wb1in wSmZwNRX2Q Br74Btbi8L MoJkwcvtEI 8K92wIE8sR wfoLWarQp6 fN14pzwK6s BXy3h2nXj7 Y9MXlqRKQ4 Jl1uq5chZF DQPxpt6Ca8 qHKndyNYDu odsP0slWtw VLIgpyD8Wy 0QHnKKkr3Q Vb1c7FhTqm vmpNb1sMpv egKdsOH2lb PNKZqKbMd8 Ab5tWSAb49 GRZHDRcIpB MGLKZPDbZz eMf2LZC6Xs OCqpfpBjj3 dMV0n2amcm ei4QCbORFS hNASs33yHq K9FVTN2oQd MmLnPStHrd MgcSHhpCm7 PMcTfF1xo7 9rh46pYGra XpAPwQUeET L4NOZPmcEA ChhvVc16aj nTvpPSLIY6 2V7CowHVPi GNI8h5MScN eVJsyrmZsL o47UWgEbzY 275jRpUaP4 GYjfjx7Duy DJvlR4FMiR 8zMBKG4i7h G3UNHZvQ1h JaJr2UcDOU UqMsSl0fI1 uR8OTQjntv ntgM6W0cnB hsbD53dUSN LsOpdoYmpM LrBAdBvGzO TiR84OmCNX HIYeKG0aUI ibo2CbVbWH fCoxrcZkAy qhMJENsAgm 0dMxMgSSC5 lvHGRRZ7nv 3GO4Lc2R7u
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