Off the coast of Israel, marine archaeologists have unearthed a mysterious shipwreck that changed the way scholars think about the 7th century AD in the Middle East.
The wreck was first spotted by Kibbutz Ma'agan Michael, off the coast of Israel, about 29 miles (47 kilometers) south of Haifa. It was discovered in 2015, but left undisturbed and covered in sand.
Only since 2016 has the shipwreck been investigated by a team of researchers from the Leon Recanati Institute, Marine Studies at Haifa University.
The Ancient Origins website states that the ship was originally 75 feet (23 meters) long - three meters deep and buried by more than a ton of sand.
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According to archaeologists, this ship likely sank due to a navigation accident. Even so, the wreck was very well maintained, maybe because it was buried in the sand.
Deborah Cvikel, who was part of the research team, said: "We haven't been able to determine exactly what caused the shipwreck, but we think it may have been a navigation error."
Because it drowned so close to shore, it was estimated that there were no fatalities. Shipwrecks were very common in the ancient Mediterranean.
The ship is believed to have sunk around 1,300 years ago in the 7th century. This was the era of the Arab victory over the Byzantines at Yarmouk. The Muslims conquered most of what is now known as the modern Middle East.
The Arabs tried and failed to conquer the rest of the Byzantine Empire, the successor state of Rome. The 7th century began the region's transition from being predominantly Christian to predominantly Muslim.
Marine archaeologists found several inscriptions written in Arabic and Greek on wood and ceramics on this Israeli shipwreck.
They also found several Christian symbols such as the cross, as well as Muslim religious signs. There is an inscription that describes the word Allah.
These inscriptions show "the intriguing complexity of the period," reports the Jerusalem Post. These inscriptions are enigmatic because the 7th century was a time of religious conflict.
"We don't know if the crew of the ship is Christian or Muslim, but we have found traces of both religions," Cvikel told the Jerusalem Post.
It is possible that the crew members belong to both religions. This discovery also shows that in everyday life the difference between Christians and Muslims is not as strong as is generally believed.
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Among the items found on this 7th century shipwreck, there are also scraps of food, such as dates.
Animal bones found on the ship - possibly indicating that the crew raised the animals or provided them as food.
The ship was also filled with hundreds of amphoras. It is thought that it was used to transport olive oil, wine, or seeds. These ceramic containers are often found on shipwrecks from the ancient world.
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